<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alfred T. Hodgson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Derek G. Shendell</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William J. Fisk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael G. Apte</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparison of predicted and derived measures of volatile organic compounds inside four relocatable classrooms due to identified interior finish sources</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indoor Air (Supplement 8)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">135-144</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indoor exposures to toxic and odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are of general concern.  Recently, VOCs in portable or relocatable classrooms (RCs) have received particular attention. However,  very little was known about indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and the sources, composition, and indoor  concentrations of VOCs in RCs. This project task focused on developing and demonstrating a process for  selecting interior finish materials for RCs that have relatively low impacts with respect to their emissions of  toxic and odorous VOCs. This task was part of a larger project to demonstrate the potential for  simultaneous improvements in IEQ and energy efficiency in four new RCs equipped both with a  continuously ventilating advanced heating, ventilating, and air conditioning system (HVAC) and a standard  HVAC system. These HVACs were operated on alternate weeks. One RC per pair was constructed with  standard interior finish materials, and the other included alternate interior materials identified in our prior  laboratory study to have low VOC emissions. The RCs were sited in side-by-side pairs at two elementary  schools in distinct northern California climate zones. Classroom VOC emission rates (mg hr-1) and  concentrations were predicted based on VOC emission factors (µg m-2 hr-1) measured for individual  materials in the laboratory, the quantities of installed materials and design ventilation rates. Predicted  emission rates were compared to values derived from classroom measurements of VOC concentrations and  ventilation rates made at pre-occupancy, eight weeks, and 27 weeks. Predicted concentrations were  compared to measured integrated VOC indoor minus outdoor concentrations during school hours in the fall  cooling season with the advanced HVAC operated. These measured concentrations also were compared  between standard and material-modified RCs. Our combined laboratory and field process proved effective  by correctly predicting that IEQ impacts of material VOC emissions would be minor when RCs were  ventilated at or above code-minimum requirements. Assuming code-minimum ventilation rates are  maintained, the benefits attributable to the use of alternate interior finish materials in RC's constructed by the manufacturer associated with this study are small, implying that it is not imperative to  use such alternative finishing materials. However, it is essential to avoid materials that can degrade IEQ,  and the results of this study demonstrate that laboratory-based material testing combined with modeling  and field validation can help to achieve that aim.</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1.6</style></custom1><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-52520</style></custom2><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chapter</style></section></record></records></xml>