<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryan, P.B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomas A. Burke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohen Hubal, E.A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cura, J.J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomas E. McKone</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Using biomarkers to inform cumulative risk assessment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Health Perspectives</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">115</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">833-840</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this work we explore the relationship between environmental exposures and health outcomes as mitigated by differential susceptibility in individuals or populations. Specifically, we address the question &quot;Can biomarkers enable us to understand and quantify better the population burden of disease and health effects attributable to environmental exposures?&quot; We use a case-study approach to develop the thesis that biomarkers offer a pathway to disaggregation of health effects into specific, if multiple, risk factors. In particular, we offer the point of view that a series or array of biomarkers, including biomarkers of exposure, biomarkers of susceptibility, and biomarkers of effect used in concert offer the best means by which to effect this disaggregation. We commence our discussion by developing the characteristics of an ideal biomarker, and then give some examples of commonly used biomarkers to show the strengths and weaknesses of current usage. We propose a research agenda suggesting simultaneous collection of multiple biomarkers and evaluation of multiple effects in an effort to develop fuller understanding of the exposure-to-dose continuum. This is followed by more detailed case-study assessment outlining the state-of-the-science for three different disease outcomes- asthma in children, neurobehavioral effects associated with heavy metal exposure, and an ecosystem approach focusing on persistent organic pollutants. We complete our work with some recommendations regarding the future use of biomarkers and areas for continued development.</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7.1</style></custom1><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-60750</style></custom2><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chapter</style></section></record></records></xml>