<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryan M. Firestone</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chris Marnay</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Distributed Energy Resources for Carbon Emissions Mitigation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ECEEE Summer Study, June 4-9, 2007</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon emissions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon tax</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">combined heat and power (chp)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">distributed energy resources (der)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">electricity markets and policy group</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy analysis and environmental impacts department</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">06/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://eetd.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/publications/conference-paper-lbnl-62871.pdf</style></url><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://eetd.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/publications/poster-lbnl-62871.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">La Colle sur Loup, France,</style></pub-location><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The era of publicly mandated GHG emissions restrictions in the United States has begun with recent legislation in California and seven northeastern states. Commercial and industrial buildings can improve the carbon-efficiency of end-use energy consumption by installing technologies such as on-site cogeneration of electricity and useful heat in combined heat and power systems, thermally-activated cooling, solar electric and thermal equipment, and energy storage - collectively termed distributed energy resources (DER). This research examines a collection of buildings in California, the Northeast, and the southern United States to demonstrate the effects of regional characteristics such as the carbon intensity of central electricity grid, the climate-driven demand for space heating and cooling, and the availability of solar insolation. The results illustrate that the magnitude of a realistic carbon tax ($100/tC) is too small to incent significant carbon-reducing effects on economically optimal DER adoption. In large part, this is because cost reduction and carbon reduction objectives are roughly aligned, even in the absence of a carbon tax.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record></records></xml>