State clean energy funds have typically focused their financial support on renewable energy deployment and commercialization efforts. A number of funds, however, have also supported earlier research and development (R&D) activities. This survey reviews efforts by CESA-member clean energy sources, but also fuel cells), including related energy storage mechanisms. Programs offered by non-CESA-member funds fall outside the scope of this survey. We note in advance that the demarcation between R&D and deployment/commercialization is not always clear. For the purposes of this summary, however, we place the greatest emphasis on those activities clearly falling within the R&D category, and we do not exhaustively review support for demonstration projects or paper research studies, though we acknowledge that such efforts often do include an R&D Component.
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